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Multifactorial diseases are by definition the result of multiple risk factors that are both genetically and environmentally determined. Multifactorial diseases may have more in common than generally recognized, since some risk factors are associated with multiple diseases, suggesting an individual susceptibility for specific risk factors.
Since different diseases share identical risk factors, it is clear that an exclusive focus on associations between single risk factors and single outcomes will not unravel the unresolved issues of aetiology and individual prognosis of multifactorial diseases. Instead, research has to focus on the underlying mechanisms why individuals with similar (established) risk factors develop different diseases, i.e. the modification of the universal risk factors for multiple disorders.
Multifactorial diseases are by definition the result of multiple risk factors that are both genetically and environmentally determined. Multifactorial diseases may have more in common than generally recognized, since some risk factors are associated with multiple diseases, suggesting an individual susceptibility for specific risk factors.
Since different diseases share identical risk factors, it is clear that an exclusive focus on associations between single risk factors and single outcomes will not unravel the unresolved issues of aetiology and individual prognosis of multifactorial diseases. Instead, research has to focus on the underlying mechanisms why individuals with similar (established) risk factors develop different diseases, i.e. the modification of the universal risk factors for multiple disorders.
LifeLines is a cohort study in a large representative sample of the population of the northern provinces of the Netherlands, covering three generations. The main objective is to unravel the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of multifactorial diseases, their concurrent development in individuals and their complications as a complex trait.
We will try to answer several questions. Which are the disease overriding risk factors which predict the development of a multifactorial disease during lifetime? How are these universal risk factors modified, or what determines the effect of a universal risk factor in an individual?
Specific research questions will focus on risk factors and modifiers (genetic, environmental and combined or complex factors) for single and multiple diseases. In addition to co-morbidity, LifeLines focuses on co-determinants. The primary endpoints include measures of ageing, metabolic and endocrine diseases, cardiology, renal diseases, pulmonary and musculoskeletal diseases, and psychopathology.
Primarily, a random sample of persons between 25 and 50 years of age will be invited by their general practitioner to participate in the study. Then these probands are asked to invite their family members (if present) to participate as well (parents, partner, parents in law, children), resulting in a three generation study. The study population will be followed for at least 30 years with an investigation of the total (remaining) population every 4-5 years.
Investing in the future of health.
LifeLines is an initiative of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and the University of Groningen. Its development is supported by a grant from the Governments of the three Northern provinces (Samenwerkingsverband Noord Nederland (SNN)), as well as the Dutch Kidney Foundation and the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation.
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